Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) remains underrecognized and often dismissed, yet it affects many women with symptoms ranging from irritability and intense fatigue to headaches. Symptom severity varies by individual and typically emerges in the days leading up to menstruation, resolving once periods begin. PMS impacts approximately 20 to 40% of women of childbearing age. Though not classified as a disease, it can significantly diminish quality of life for those affected. As researcher Kai Triebner from the University of Bergen explains, "stress can worsen PMS symptoms and elevate cortisol levels, which may link to increased progesterone release and the onset of symptoms."
A study by the Barcelona Institute for Global Health and the Bergen Institute for Global Health underscores the potential of green spaces to reduce PMS symptoms. Conducted among 1,000 women aged 18 to 49 in Norway and Sweden, it identified common symptoms including depression, crying spells, heightened sensitivity, abdominal bloating, headaches, anxiety, and irritability. Researchers found that women living in areas with abundant, accessible nature throughout their lives reported fewer PMS symptoms compared to those in less green neighborhoods.
“Three of the four symptoms that improved with green space exposure were psychological, aligning with established evidence that nature contact reduces stress and boosts mental health,” notes lead author Kai Triebner. Importantly, benefits accrue from consistent exposure, not just occasional visits like a yearly countryside trip.
