No doubt about it—fetal alcohol spectrum disorders are the leading non-genetic cause of intellectual disabilities in children. Medical experts widely recognize the risks of alcohol during pregnancy. Fetal alcohol syndrome isn't strictly dose-dependent; even one glass can trigger it, depending on timing and individual factors. Some women deliver healthy babies despite heavy consumption, while others see malformations from a single drink. When in doubt, zero tolerance is the evidence-based recommendation.
France has the highest smoking rates among pregnant women in Europe. Beyond well-known risks like cancer and cardiovascular issues, tobacco disrupts hormones and fertility. Yet, its pregnancy dangers are often underestimated: it weakens immunity, elevating miscarriage, preterm birth, developmental delays, and delivery complications. Unlike alcohol, risks scale with consumption. Quit or cut back sharply—especially in the third trimester. Non-smokers, avoid secondhand smoke, which is equally harmful.
Medications and pregnancy demand caution—most cross the placenta to the fetus. For minor issues like nausea, coughs, colds, or pain, doctors can prescribe safe options. Paracetamol is fine in standard doses; aspirin and ibuprofen are off-limits, especially after six months. Even alternative remedies pose risks: essential oils from plants like thyme can be abortifacient in high doses. Skip self-medication; focus on hygiene, balanced diet, and exercise for wellness.
"Eating for two" is a myth—caloric needs rise modestly from 1,200 to 1,500 daily. Steer clear of listeriosis, salmonellosis, and toxoplasmosis risks: raw or undercooked meats/game, unwashed/peeled produce, raw eggs, seafood/fish, deli meats, raw-milk cheeses, and sprouts. Limit caffeine and fatty treats like cakes, fries, and sweets.
